27.5.09

a glimpse of the world to come

Out of the three regalim, the three festivals, Shavuot is a one-day affair. The other two are seven days long, and Sukkoth even has a special extra eighth day.

Yet there is a halachah that if someone passes away the day before Shavuot, those who must mourn them essentially do not sit shiva. What's so weird about this? Shiva is named for the fact that it is a seven-day mourning period. When Shabbath falls during the shiva, we don't observe most of the minhagim associated with shiva, because one can't mourn outwardly on Shabbath.

When this mourning period falls before Pesah or Sukkoth, it's understandable that there is no real period of mourning, we are commanded to be happy on the festivals, and these festivals each last seven days in length, which means that there is no time left in which to observe the mourning period.

But what about Shavuot? It's only one day long, so if someone passed away right before Shavuot, why wouldn't the mourners be required to sit for the five days after Shavuot? 

In order to answer this I need to share something with you about the true nature of time and the world to come. The world to come is called a day that is entirely long. What does this mean? Chazal explain in the hidden Torah that in this world, each day vies for it's time in the spotlight and since the days themselves cannot get along and work together, each day shines for twenty-four hours and then ceases, making room for another day to take over. In the world to come, the days dwell together peacefully and so they all shine at once, indefinitely.

From this perhaps we can see how Shavuot is a taste of the world to come and at the same time explain our quandry regarding the halachot of mourners after Shavuot. I would like to say that Shavuot is actually a seven-day festival just like her sister festivals. The difference is that on Shavuot all the days dwell in peace with one another, and so down here in this world, Shavuot is represented as only a single day -- yet when it comes to the laws pertaining to mourning, since Shavuot is the holiday representing the resurrection of the dead, so we count all seven days of Shavuot and negate the mourning period -- just as the ultimate resurrection will render mourning a moot point.

26.5.09

the tzaddik's bread crumbs

The Tzaddik's affect on our lives after his has moved beyond this world:
  1. The depth of our love for the Tzaddik in his lifetime and after his death draws down his midot (love of God, fear of God, and pure Faith (emunah) in God) to be clothed within our own minds so that we too can act with these same attributes as we are now able to grasp and understand what we were previously only able to observe from a distance through the Tzaddik's actions and words. 
  2. When we implement the Tzaddik's lessons in our lives, the light of the Tzaddik shines down upon us, encompassing us, and this inspires us to true teshuvah and divine service.
These are the two general ways the Tzaddik lives on with us even after he has (for the most part) left this world and moved on to the stages that come after life here, as described in the Zohar and explained here by the first Lubavitcher Rebbe in the Tanya, section four, 27th letter.

It seems to me that there is a clear microcosmic example here of our interaction with God: As the Baal HaTanya explains, God both permeates all of creation and ecompasses it. In a more limited sense, the effect a Tzaddik has on our lives is also described in these two ways, one that permeates our minds and one that encompasses them.

[We learned this letter this past Shabbath in the memory (לע"נ) of my father in law, HaRav Meir Benayahu ben HaRav Yitzhak Nissim, ztz"l]

three tastes

Each of the three regalim, the three festivals can be understood as describing a stage of the end-times and in that sense it can give us a small taste of what each stage will be like: 
  1. Pesach is about the final redemption and the coming of the Moshiah.
  2. Shavuot is about the revival of the dead.
  3. Sukkoth is about the world to come.
God willing we will delve into each one of these in the near future.

21.5.09

Signs of the times

There is a lot happening in the world. There's always a lot happening in the world. The issue is more of a question of whether what's happening is of interest to anyone.

Yes there are tremendous things I feel happening, amazing shifts to spirituality. But how do I know these things aren't always happening?

When I say I feel something happening, it might make other people more sensitive to the fact that something is happening. Which means it might cascade. It doesn't take much to create a situation where the cascade is so amplified by feedback it creates a tremendous urgency. 

Nowadays, if you get on a crowded plane and start acting nervous and telling people you have a really bad feeling that something will happen, the more serious you get the more everyone will go nuts with panic -- there might be no real danger at all, but you will sensitize others to feelings of danger that always accompany flying and they will feel them and think they are stronger.

The trick is with spiritual developments and progress, being a subjective person, it's very hard to tell the difference between things happening to you and things happening to the world. (At least I know I can't tell the difference.) 

Rebbe Nachman teaches that our own interpersonal relationships mirror what is happening on a macroscopic scale, yet I would stress that we need to really develop the eyes to understand and internalize those ideas. On the other hand, the Baal Shem Tov's Torah may seem a little solipsistic. The BeSh"T says that everything you experience is part of HaShem's communication with you. It's not hard to combine the two lessons and realize that they're closely related, but still, it means that its hard to extrapolate from our own experience about where the world is holding, as the Talmud teaches "the whole world was created just for you." 

When you're young does it mean the world is young? When you grow old does it mean the world is growing old? No. But, there are parallels you can draw. As we saw yesterday, macrocosmic stages also play out on the microcosm. When you grow old, there is an aspect of the world growing old: your generation is aging too, which means the ideas, merits, strengths and weaknesses of your generation are on the wane as a whole. Still, in the world there is a vivifying force of new ideas, merits, strengths and weaknesses in the waxing of another generation. Just as the progress of each day plays out in miniature some form or element of the progress of the year. 

What I'm getting at is this: Everyone knows that the world develops in a cyclical fashion. Yet, at the same time, everyone, unless they really stop to think about it, believes that spiritual growth is linear on the whole. We even have a principle that says as much, "We ascend in holiness but do not descend." This can be said to accurately describe historic progress. (something I once wrote about.) However, this is talking about net ascension. 

In Judaism we have another principle involved in growth and progress: Ratz, running, and Shav, returning. In a very simple sense ratz can be seen as rising and shav as falling. On the whole we're always making progress but to do so we run for a while and then sit/return and rest. It's the tortoise model of progress. It's really the only true way progress happens in the world. A child grows physically, then growth slows and they learn how to use their new bodies, and then they grow again and so on. 

Everything works that way. In cycles. We grow and develop in cycles. Cycles of days, of weeks of months, years and larger landmarks from bar mitzwah to wedding to parenthood to parents of bar mitzwahs, to parents of the bride or groom, to grandparents and so on.

Spirituality too. Yes there is something in the air. Something really deep and spiritual. But it doesn't mean this is the time around when everything we've been waiting so long for has got to happen.

I'm not trying to rain on anyone's parade, I'm trying to teach us to work deeper. Think about it, there are even more amazing implications. In the classic view of what's gone down so far in history, there's been many false messiahs, false hysteria about the coming of messiahs and so on. 

In our "new" view, each wave of that expectance, that new enlightenment, was a period of ratz, historically. It's not that it was 'so close' but didn't happen. It was that it was always getting closer, and we needed to reach that stage to grow to the next stage.

Again we are clearly at a momentous point of running spiritually. Whether this is the last or there will still be more is a great question, what a question! But it's beyond the point. The point is that we teach that the true masters of Ratz and Shav know that the secret of Shav is that it's a form of running too, just a different kind. 

Rebbe Nachman teaches that when we step inside, reach a deeper spiritual level, we find we're back on the outside again; ah, but the outside of the next deeper spiritual level. Ratz and Shav is the same. We "return" to ourselves to seek out the next deeper spiritual level. [From this we can see how it is true that not only 'net' (as opposed to what we said earlier) but even when we speak in 'gross' terms, we are always rising in holiness.]

Whether this is the final lap or not is irrelevant to our work, to our immediate lives, we need to work like it's never going to be done. This is a novel way to understand "lo alecha haM'lachah l'gmor" -- Normally rendered, "you don't have to finish the work, [but you can't give it up entirely,]" On a deeper level it's "you shouldn't work in an attempt to finish it, [instead you should work as if you can keep the pace up forever.]"  In other words don't sprint, jog. That's the way to get the farthest, always pace yourself for the long haul. 

But it's deeper still.

The true masters of running and returning, they know when they crest one wave, not only can they see the farthest, but if they ride the wave down they can propel themselves to the next wave at amazing speed.  [this is discussed outright in the Mishnah in a story about Rebbe Meir Baal HaNess and Rabi Akiva]

When we master the long haul, when we give up trying to worry about when we've reached the end, that's when we're really making the most progress spiritually. Because as long as we think there's an end, how can we relate to God? God's endless. Ein sof.

Want to see Moshiah in your days? Keep your eyes open when you crest the wave, but don't think for a second that you're about to reach shore or else you will exhaust yourself, emotionally, spiritually, physically, and you will give up too soon, maybe minutes too soon.

This is what it means that the Tzaddikim (both of today and those that have long since passed on) live in a perpetual revellation of Moshiah, they're surfing those waves and glimpse the goal every time they crest one.

20.5.09

living in the microcosm

I'd like to fuse two teachings, and from them draw a really deep (new) path to perform avodah today.

Rebbe Nachman teaches (through his principal pupil Rabi Natan) that we should serve HaShem anew every day, as if the world was created today and today is all we have.

The Arizal teaches (through his primary student Rav Hayyim Vital) that there are myriad connections between all of creation, that within any part of creation you may find aspects of every other part.

Taken together, if we want to achieve the pinacle of our avodat HaShem every single day it means each day we must start from the beginning and work our way all the way through to the end.

Yeah, I know that doesn't sound like much of a hidush, but it has a lot of interesting implications.

If all we have is today, and yet we are given a world rife with all manner of spiritual levels and perceptions, then they have to be accessible to us today.

Each day we can live through the 3 regalim, sukkoth, pesach, shavuoth. We get to experience Shabbath. We get to receive the Torah, we get to leave Egypt, free from bondage. Every day we can be forgiven for all our failings and wipe the slate clean. Every day we can start as a novice and become a talmid chacham, a tzaddik, a navi. Every day Rua'h HaKodesh is available to us.

This isn't to say that nothing takes time to accomplish, but it does mean that you can taste every spiritual level every day. We can earn a nefesh, ruah, neshamah, chayah, yechidah each day. Anything you've ever learned about or heard about is attainable, within your grasp, today.

It's not a simple concept it's a really involved one, so I'll try and explain the little bit I can understand: Everything is interconnected. This means that while I might be holding on a very low spiritual level, the level that I'm on is comprised of many different levels, the highest of those share something of the nature of the highest spiritual levels that exist. This means there is a spiritual level attainable today that is akin to 'prophecy' on the level at which you are holding.

Think about, for those who worry about yesterday, think about how much is available to you today, regardless of yesterday. For those of you who hope to attain something some day? Why wait when it's all available to you today? Better yet, if you think it's a one-time thing you will accomplish sometime in your life, know that when you get there, you will realize, wow, there's still so far to go, why not start now? See how far you can get today; not this week, not this year, today. That's a small enough amount of time to work in order to see results.

It's not a trick, it's a reality. But know that to get there you have to pursue with sincerity, with discipline and with all your heart. It's exactly as the talmud promises: "When someone tells you they tried and didn't achieve, don't believe them." God doesn't gain pleasure from seeing you fail. You are the only one comforted by your failure, if you are looking for excuses to give up trying.

What have you got to lose? 24 hours? How much can you attain in that time, you and I both wouldn't believe it? Rabi cried on several occasions, "There are those who earn their [place in the] world [to come] in an hour."

17.5.09

the life of all questions

Who hasn't questioned the actions of a Rav, even though we know him to be a Tzaddik? That takes a tremendous level of emunah, pure faith in God, and even when we do overcome these doubts with our unshakeable faith, who could deny these thoughts didn't at least try to surface?

Rebbe Nachman explains (Likkutei Moharan II:52) that it is perfectly natural to have questions with Tzaddikim and not to understand them or their behavior. This shouldn't bother you at all. 

Why? A Tzaddik is forever trying to liken himself to HaShem, and HaShem's actions (let alone His thoughts and plans) are beyond our reckoning. So, we will always have questions on HaShem, which means in turn, we will always have questions on the Tzaddikim who are constantly emulating Him.

[Curiosity: This is another good example of how Hassidut anticipates and answers post-modernism.]

no way out - gotta keep going

It may take years for you to experience the results of your efforts in Avodat HaShem, but be sure, if you stick to it, you will see results.

Rebbe Nachman explains that even the feeling that you have grown more distant from HaShem is really a sign that you are making vast progress.

Even stronger though, is this beautiful argument: When you feel like you aren't getting anywhere and you haven't even begun to draw close to HaShem then (1) Either you are actually close, and it's the yetzer trying to make you give up on your avodah, or (2) if you are really so far away from HaShem, then every little act you do makes so much progress!

(Likkutei Moharan II:48)

12.5.09

but not consumed

Today was the hillulah of Rabi Shimon Bar Yochai. Lag Ba'omer. The 33rd day of the Omer and the 18th day of Iyyar.

Masechet Shabbat 33b describes the story of how Rabi Shimon escaped the Emperor's edict of death. The story involves a number of miracles and wonders, but it also involves some curiosities that I wish I knew more about. Until I do, I will present here a number of questions: 
  1. I find it interesting that he buried himself to his neck with sand, in hebrew the word for sand is synonymous with something mundane or unholy. 
  2. Why could he learn Torah unclothed but fully concealed, whereas one must pray fully clothed? Does halachah support this idea? What do clothes have to do with prayer? Clothes represent the mitzwoth, so how does this tie in to prayer?
  3. When they leave the cave, he is shocked that people involve themselves with worldly affairs. The expression he uses is chayay sha'ah. This is an expression (that at least) the Komarna uses regarding prayer [and yichudim.] 
  4. When the Bat Kol chastises them for destroying the world, the word used has the same root as the Karab tree with which they were provided. (as well as being a veiled reference to Har Sinai (Horev.) Which is referenced later when Rabi Shimon says to his son that the two of them suffice the whole world for Torah learning.)
  5. The second time they meet a Saba involved in preparation for Shabbath. [Saba is also a term for a person on a very high spiritual level, that of bitul to ayin.]
  6. Finally, the state in which they left the cave, where Rabi Shimon would heal whatever Rabi Elazar would ignite, is reminiscent of the imagery of the burning bush that was alight but was not consumed.

4.5.09

the difficulty with simplicity

Today, 10th of Iyyar, is the 25th day of the Omer, Netzah she'be'Netzah, and it is also the Yahrtzeit of the Rebbe Yitzhak Isaac Yehudah Yechiel Safrin of Komarna (ben R' Aleksander)

Perhaps when you have gone through a number of his works, or at least various parts of them, the most amazing thing, and probably the most overlooked is, like Rebbe Nachman and many of the Hassidic Rebbes, his stress on being simple and sincere with HaShem.

He totally rejects and derides philosophy (or whatever else you might call it Rationality, Intellectualism) and stresses simplicity.

Ok, fine, simple, we get the point.

BUT.

But? BUT. I've never encountered a system as thoroughly complex and convoluted as that of the Kabbalah.

Try being simple and sincere while wrapping your mind around a system more complex than anything ever devised by scientist or mathematician.

The truth is you can't really make progress until you decide to experience that system spiritually, simply, sincerely, and this is what Reb Yitzhak Isaac was talking about.

People can spend a lifetime memorizing every letter combination of every name etc etc, and never touch anything true. Not so if you approach the same structure and complexity through simplicity, through sincerity.

This is the difference between relating to HaShem via Hochmah, and relating through Binah. Binah requires structures and understanding, Hochmah only works through simplicity and sincere yearning.

1.5.09

Compelling life

I'd like to claim that I have some connection to my father in law. [Meir Benayahu[english link], who passed away this week, ב אייר התשס"ט, the 17th of the omer, Tiffereth she'beh Tiffereth] Something more than just having snuck in under the radar and married his daughter. So, I offer up this hidush in the hope that I can explain my deeper relationship with my father in law. It's curious that 40 days before the fetus is formed a bat kol from shamayim proclaims the daughter of ploni (is destined) to (marry) ploni.

Why is the woman mentioned first? And why isn't she mentioned in her own right?It seems to me that one could say the following: when a daughter is born into the world a new chidush is introduced and as with any chidush, it begins with a question. The husband is the answer to the question posed by the wife.

From this it follows that the introduction of the wife can be said to require, perhaps even bring about, the necesity for the husband.

In this way I can say that the whole reason for my existence rests first and foremost with my father in law who posed the question of the chidush that HaShem placed me here to answer.

So far this is nice theorizing but it is all purely theoretical. I'd like to illustrate one of the most profound examples of this idea and perhaps you will agree with me: HaShem created the Torah and the Torah itself required that Bnei Yisrael come into being as her intended. Har Sinai was a celebration of the union of the question and answer, the chidush the whole world was created to reveal.

That's why the Torah begins with the word bereishith - for the sake of Israel and the sake of the Torah both of whom are called reishit. How can they both be considered the first? They are the question and answer that collectively represent the chidush upon which all else was founded.

May this shabbat bring each of us comfort and peace.

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